Public Service Delivery Managing with External

Question: Discuss about the Public Service Delivery for Managing with External. Answer: Introduction This particular report is mainly aimed to identify all the crucial as well as the key factors in the service delivery for the government agencies. On the other hand, three important recommendations are also aimed to be established in this study through which issues associated with the service delivery can be mitigated. Apart from that, this report has the aim to deploy an e-government service delivery infrastructure with the help of which the new service for an imaginary developing country can be implemented. Moreover, the three suggestions are also aimed to be provided in this report, which are the key processes or the strategies through which the user needs can be integrated into the service design. Key Factors in Service Delivery for Government Agencies According to Demydov et al., (2015), the effective coordination of the service delivery can easily increase the service quality as well as can also benefit the providers of service. The benefits incorporate much effective utilization of resources as well as improved relationships of working. The Human Service delivery process is complicated in the modern Western societies with the higher expectations in community who are competing the requirements. The human service delivery is often delivered under the fiscal barriers. The specialization can also be meant that the individual agencies or the service providers implement the expertise for delivering a very specific service, yet communities, families as well as individuals (Khosa, 2015). Therefore, it is very crucial for recognizing the fact that the distinctions between the community-initiated as well as the whole-of-government approaches are often blurred, in cases particularly where the community-initiated are taken up by the program s of whole of government due to their perceived success in order to deliver the real results. It is also clear regardless of such distinctions through the analysis of both the approaches that the certain factors in association with the coordination of the service delivery can lead to the positive outcomes for the indigenous Australian. There are few significant as well as crucial factors in the service delivery for the Government agencies, which are crucial in delivering such outcomes such as: Supporting the non-indigenous as well as indigenous staff Applying an approach based on strengths Investing resources as well as time into the consultations of community (Gabris et al., 2014). Ensuring the cultural appropriateness On the other hand, there are four key elements for the successful delivery systems of the services necessary for the government agencies are the customer experience, employee engagement, service quality as well as the service culture. According to the survey done by the Digital Transformation agency of the Australian Government, it can stated that the government agencies should follow the above mentioned and analyzed factors in order to make the government processes less stressful as well as less complex for the people (Brown, Potoski Van Slyke, 2015). This is simply because the government agencies have an ethical obligation for delivering the service with the best quality as the public servants within the quickest possible time. As per data presented in the survey, it can be seen that most of the people are comfortable with the utilization of the digital channels for interacting with the federal government agencies (Erickson Glazer, 2015). Running a successful service company shou ld be synonymous with the delivery of the excelling service. This survey has provided that all of the factors identified in this section are the key elements in the service delivery for government agencies. Major Recommendations for the Service Delivery Accomplishing the goals of the service delivery is very crucial as well as a big challenge for numerous governments. It can be stated that the local government of a particular country should have the facilitated delivery of service (Reddick Turner, 2012). Therefore, the failure in the provision of the promised public services as well as the goods is the consequence of the immediate failure of the reformation of the public sector as it has been the case in numerous developing and the developed countries as well (Schnoll, 2015). Therefore, in case of the government agencies in Australia, these agencies can follow three significant recommendations in order to resolve as well as overcome the issues associated with the service delivery served by the public sectors in the country. These are as follows: Focusing on the problem management process for the service delivery The government agencies in Australia should adopt as well as build a proper and an effective problem management process in order to provide a perfect service delivery. This is simply because that the process of problem management for the delivery of service is mainly focused on the reducing incidents as well as the impacts of those incidents on the operations of a particular organization (Papadomichelaki et al., 2013). The problem management process should help the clients of the government agencies in Australia in terms of reducing the incidents as well as their impact on the operations. It can address the underlying cause of several incidents and it also attempts to address as well as detect the major reasons of issues. Implementation of the Effective Regional Service Delivery Model The problems or the issues in association with the service delivery process of the government agencies in Australia can be mitigated with the help of the proper implementation of the effective Regional Service Delivery Model. The Regional Service Delivery Model is easily customizable as well as permits the local governments for determining how to collaborate as well as pool the resources most effectively. The Regional Service Delivery Model possesses the sharing economy in order to help the governments in Australia for delivering the services that their citizens need on the basis that is as needed (Papadomichelaki Mentzas, 2012). The citizens can enjoy the real advantages without incurring long term costs and the increase in the tax as a result of the sharing solutions. Adoption of the Cohesive Service Delivery Theory This particular theory can also play a two significant roles in terms of resolving the issues in relation to the service delivery process of the government agencies in Australia (Schnoll, 2015). First role of the implementation of this theory is the facilitation the understanding the distinct factors by contributing to the delivery service. On the other hand, the second role is to justify and inform the policy and development program and the implementation for public participation, e-governance and good governance resulting in the effective service delivery. E-government Service Delivery Infrastructure Proposal E-government has become the global or the international phenomena. Over the last decade, there have been some great as well as significant innovations in the e-government. Most of the governments of several countries over the world have developed the detailed strategies to realize their programmes of e-government (Luftman et al., 2013). The objectives of these particular programmes generally vary over the countries, still there are many commonalities. The proper implementation of e-government strategy or the e-government service delivery infrastructure can be significant for the establishment of the imaginary developing country. In other words, it can also be stated that the e-government would be very simple regarding the application of the communication as well as the information technology to all the aspects of the business of the government agencies (Egan, 2013). Therefore, it makes sense in terms of improving the effectiveness as well as the efficiency in the achievement of the o utcomes of the program as well as policy. There are few significant objectives behind the implementation of the proper e-government strategies proposal for a new service for an imaginary developing country. These are as follows: To deliver citizen services as well as integrate the organizational silos over the common channels To design the technology architecture such as standards, data as well as infrastructure for the public sector. To map the path from the pilot experiments towards the scalable as well as sustainable systems. To generate the savings with the help of the application of the IIT in the backend processes or the other areas of programs. To handle the enhancing or the incrementing costs of the IIT in the government To enhance or maximize the effectiveness of the initiatives of ICT within the government. To implement the institutional frameworks as well as right policy from the beginning To pursue the real or the actual goals of the economic development just not technology push. There are few significant e-government service delivery structure within its infrastructure which would be effective for the implementation of the new service for an Imaginery developing country (Beloglazov et al., 2014). These are as follows: Process One This particular process incorporates the definition of the vision as well as the goals, setting up the taskforce of high level leadership, ensuring consistency with the priorities of the economic development, assessing the status as well as securing the political support (Schnoll, 2015). Process two - This particular process incorporates putting in place e-government management framework, assessing the needs for priority for the government services, secure funding, establishing the partnerships with the private sector where feasible as well as designing service delivery, data sharing as well as the technical infrastructure (Alford O'Flynn, 2012). Process three - This particular process incorporates the development of the plan of time-bound implementation, security of the stakeholder buy-in of the plan of implementation, strategy implementation in phases, publicizing and measuring progress as well as evaluating results and making the corrections in the course (Merrill et al., 2014). Suggestions into Integrating User Needs into the Service Design The proper as well as the effective integration of the user requirements into the service design of the government agencies is very important and crucial as well. Therefore, in order to accomplish an effective service design, three major suggestions should be maintained as well as followed. These are as follows: Customer feedback In order to gain a positive customer feedback, it is important to properly incorporate the elements continuous improvements, account management as well as customer intelligence (Khosa, 2015). Therefore, it must be stated that user needs can be integrated into the service design if the positive customer feedback can be achieved with the help of the incorporation of the service design elements. Operations review Operation review is the major or the crucial checkpoint of management, which should be occurred at the specified intervals aligned normally to the period of measurement stipulated in the Service Level Agreement as well as the Operating Level Agreement documents (Erickson Glazer, 2015). Therefore, it can act as the crucial suggestion, which is necessary to be accomplished for integrating the needs of the user into the service design. Service Quality It can be considered as the important or the key suggestion for the integration of the necessities of the users into the service design. The service quality simply incorporates the performance, process as well as the strategic management systems. This process design or this strategy is the basic towards the design of the entire model of service management (Reddick Turner, 2012). Therefore, with the help of providing a good service quality, the clients can get help for fulfilling their mission and supporting them in the pursuit of the organizational purpose of them. Conclusion After conducting the entire discussion in this particular report, it can easily be stated that this report has successfully identified all the crucial as well as the key factors in the service delivery for the government agencies. On the other hand, three important recommendations have also been successfully established in this study through which issues associated with the service delivery can be mitigated. Apart from that, this report has also successfully deployed an e-government service delivery infrastructure with the help of which the new service for an imaginary developing country can be implemented. Moreover, the three suggestions provided in this report those are the key processes or the strategies through which the user needs can be integrated into the service design. References Alford, J., O'Flynn, J. (2012).Rethinking public service delivery: Managing with external providers. Palgrave Macmillan. Beloglazov, A., Banerjee, D., Hartman, A., Buyya, R. (2014). Improving Productivity in Design and Development of Information Technology (IT) Service Delivery Simulation Models.Journal of Service Research, 1094670514541002. Brown, T. L., Potoski, M., Van Slyke, D. M. (2015). The impact of transaction costs on the use of mixed service delivery by local governments.Journal of Strategic Contracting and Negotiation,1(4), 239-267. Demydov, I. V., Strykhalyuk, B. M., Shpur, O. M., Mohamed, M. E. H., Klymash, Y. V. (2015). The structural-functional synthesis of cloud service delivery platform after service availability and performance criteria. , (1), 144-159. Egan, G. (2013).The skilled helper: A problem-management and opportunity-development approach to helping. Cengage Learning. Erickson, R., Glazer, S. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,009,058. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Gabris, G. T., Koenig, H. O., Thurmaier, K., Maher, C. S., Nelson, K. L., Piker, K. A., ... Rapp, C. (2014).Alternative Service Delivery: Readiness Check. Icma Publishing. Khosa, M. M. (2015).Empowerment through service delivery. Human Sciences Research Council. Luftman, J., Zadeh, H. S., Derksen, B., Santana, M., Rigoni, E. H., Huang, Z. D. (2013). Key information technology and management issues 20122013: an international study.Journal of Information Technology,28(4), 354-366. Merrill, J., Dai, H., Zhu, J., Kapur, S., Banerjee, S., Elder, D., ... Medved, J. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,892,708. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Papadomichelaki, X., Mentzas, G. (2012). e-GovQual: A multiple-item scale for assessing e-government service quality.Government information quarterly,29(1), 98-109. Papadomichelaki, X., Koutsouris, V., Konstantinidis, D., Mentzas, G. (2013). An analytic hierarchy process for the evaluation of E-Government service quality.International Journal of Electronic Government Research (IJEGR),9(1), 19-44. Reddick, C. G., Turner, M. (2012). Channel choice and public service delivery in Canada: Comparing e-government to traditional service delivery.Government Information Quarterly,29(1), 1-11. Schnoll, H. J. (2015).E-government: Information, technology, and transformation. Routledge.

Research Proposal on Drug Trafficking Essay Example

Research Proposal on Drug Trafficking Essay Drug trafficking is the illegal production, transportation, and trade with drugs. It is evident that the existence of drug trafficking is the international problem which requires rapid solutions. The harmful impact of drugs is known all over the world, that is why the majority of drugs, even the lightest of them are prohibited. Drugs are known to cause substantial psychological influence of the individual, and most of them produce addiction so that the person spends her money to purchase more and more drugs because she can not survive without them on the psychological and physical level. Drug trafficking is probably the most profitable business because billions of dollars are spent on them all over the world annually. The income received from drug trafficking will never improve the economics of the country because this business is most often controlled by severe criminals who use the finance for their good. Drug trafficking is a dangerous phenomenon which can spoil the economic development of the country because if a significant number of traffickers are concentrated in a particular place, the production rates reduce because of the increase of the name of the drug addicts. No wonder, the countries of South America, Africa, South Italy have economic problems being the centers of the world drug trafficking. Drug trafficking is a dangerous phenomenon not just because of the harmful effect of drugs on the human health, but because of the numerous social problems which are caused by drugs: addiction, crime, unemployment, suicides, prostitution, etc. The drug addict is ready to do everything to purchase the following dose of drugs and starts to commit crimes if there are no alternatives. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Drug Trafficking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Drug Trafficking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Drug Trafficking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Drug trafficking is a serious problem which requires a solution. The student can try to solve the answer to this eternal question completing a research proposal which would suggest the analysis of the most relevant and troublesome issues of the problem. One should study the history, geography and social aspects of drug trafficking, evaluate the consequences of this phenomenon, observe the methods and efforts which are taken to reduce the impact of this problem. The quality and the right techniques should be applied in the process of the investigation to persuade the professor of the urgency of the topic. The young professional can succeed in the process of writing relying on the high-quality well-formatted free example research proposal on drug trafficking composed by the real expert in this issue. It is a smart decision to take advantage of a free sample research proposal on drug trafficking which can teach the student to compose the text professionally and format the paper according to the standards of his educational institution. If you want a PhD degree expert to help you with academic proposal writing, check the following writing service:

Art Imitating Life Imitating A essays

Art Imitating Life Imitating A essays The late 1950s saw a new movement in the art world this became known as "pop art" due to the fact that the artists in this movement with this movement manly Andy Warhol and Roy Lichensten of the unites states as well as David Hockney and Derek Boshier of Great Britain, used elements of popular culture as main sources of their work. A good example of this is Warhole's screen prints of Marilyn Manroe, where he took a famous icon of the time and used a mass production technique to make her into a work of art. Lichenstine looked at a different element of popular culture youth culture- comic books. He used this style of painting and drawing to create a comic strip image. For example "Wham", although looks screen-printed it was infact panted by hand dot by dot. Hockney was influenced by graffiti a part overlooked by his contemporaries, he used it in the form of messages scrawled across the background of his paintings . Hockney said that he did this in order to make it clear to the viewer what the picture was about. Derek Boshier painted a series of pieces based on ideas he got from a toothpaste commercial. "identi-kit man" was his way of suggesting how easy it was for companies to manipulate people with the use of advertising and create mass markets. The whole ideas of pop art, as to take things from everyday life and make them into a piece of artwork. These things were those, which the people of post-war Britain were not ready to consider art in any way. There was a thing like Campbell's soup can of Warhol, The kitchen utensils of Tom Wesselman and Richard Hamilton and child like scribbles of David Hockney. Due to the art boom, in the 1960s and clear trends through pop art That designers were able to pick up on these and incorporate them into their work, influenced by fashion icons, movie stars, technology, and motorcars. Although the artists did have some overlapping styles, pop art focuses more on the subject and less on styl...

Cultural Particularity vs. Universal Humanity Essay

Cultural Particularity vs. Universal Humanity - Essay Example Collective and individual identities are antithetical to each other according to neoconservative ideas. The main point of both of them is that â€Å"racial group membership robs a person of an important aspect of humanity† (Maya 79). This theory insists that individuality is a property of people, who a not included to the crowd or collective. So these persons are seen as individuated ones and they lack human agency. The neoconservative theory describes the fact of being human, configuring racial and cultural particularity against universal humanity.The idea of â€Å"being human† contains the ethnic, gender and racial trappings. In some varieties the racial identity is represented as the dangerous and harmful event to human possibility -â€Å"though it espouses black pride, it is actually a repressive identity that generates a victimized self-image, curbs individualism and initiative, diminishes our sense of possibility, and contributes to our demoralization and inertia † (Maya 81). The idea of the phrase is that the ideal human should appear as unsexed and deracinated creature, which is having only rationality. All of the mentioned figures, such as Steele, Rodriguez, Carter, and Chavez, understand the word "racial" as non-"white" identity and the conclusion they make is that "white" identity is not seen as an identity by race. They paradoxically agree with the existence of "white" people, despite the racialization â€Å"white† process and refer to "male" not meaning gendered identity.

Homework2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Homework2 - Essay Example The GDP comparison of the Arab nations and the developed countries broken down above helps to deinstitutionalize the myth that the Arab world possesses a stronger economy as a result of having large reserves of oil. The sum totals of all the Arab league nations’ GDP only serve to march that of France and the United Kingdom (Noland & Pack 152). Even when combined together, the GDP of Arab league nations’ still fall below the individual GDP’s of Germany, Japan, and the United states. These figures serve to show that Arab world economy world is not as strong as it gets thought to be when compared to the economies of developed nations. A majority of the Arab league nations’ heavily rely on oil as their major source of GDP and export. Their economies thus are less diversified as they largely depend on oil when compared to the economies of developed countries such as the US, Germany, Japan, France and the UK (Tucker 526). There is need for the countries that fal l in the Arab world to diversify their economies so as to raise the level of their GDP to a competitive level against the developed

Safety Of Road Workers On Maintenance Of Highways Construction Essay

Safety Of Road Workers On Maintenance Of Highways Construction Essay Highways maintenance and road workers ensure that roads and pavements are safe and well maintained in towns, cities and rural areas throughout the country of operation. They might also build new roads and look after the repair, building and resurfacing of the countrys motorway networks. Highway maintenance safety involves safety of workers working on highway or road network services including road markings, pothole patching, road signs, road and footpath resurfacing, gully or drain cleaning, flooding, safety barriers, school crossing patrols, winter maintenance (snow removal), vegetation control, emergency services installing cats eyes, digging access trenches for cable and pipe laying, applying specialist surface treatments (such as high friction surfacing) traffic lights, fencing and street lamps and many more. All these maintenance activities need proper road safety awareness and control when they are executed, so working safely is aimed at staff from any road sector with no super visory or managerial responsibility to be made aware of the risks involved. It is of utmost importance to provide the essentials of health and safety for everyone at work to have an understanding of why they must work safely and this can be achieved by training road workers through the use of seminars and workshops. In Britain, roads are some of the busiest and dangerous in the world, but in today`s traffic conditions, it shows that live in carriageway of any highway is a very-very dangerous place to work and injuries to road workers have been increasing against the national trend. Road workers or operators will often be responsible for setting up warning signs, cones and temporary traffic lights and redirecting pedestrians. They may also manage traffic flow while colleagues are working, communicating with another operator via radio or hand signals further down the road are commonly used devices. As a road supervisor before conducting roadwork jobs, review the required tasks, location, and time of day to determine the necessary equipment, personnel, and materials required.   Plan how you will control traffic along the road and within the construction zone.   Have enough trained flaggers to complete your work.   Gather the signs, cones, flags, drums, and/or message boards that you will need for the job.   Inspect your signage to make sure it is in good repair and highly visible.   Clean or discard dirty equipment with limited visibility. Get training on traffic control and safe work practices.   Set up and maintain your roadside work zone properly.   Get training on the equipment that you will use and drive, from the smallest tool to the largest moving vehicle.   The operation of tools and equipment must be according to the manufacturers recommendations.   Know the hazards of the chemicals and materials that you use and get training on the personal protective equipment that you are required to wear, including its uses and limitations.   Wear high visibility garments on your legs and chest.   Wear your assigned persona protective equipments, including a hardhat, safety shoes, and work gloves.   Consider earplugs or muffs, safety glasses, and fall protection depending on the job task. In the work zone, workers must watch for fast-moving motorists and large construction equipment.   Set up parking zones for your working vehicles such that they have safe entrances and exits from the highway that is maintained and group your vehicles on the same side of the road for visibility.   As a supervisor you can set-up the job site and tasks to minimize the need to cross the active road time and again and also  set up traffic lanes within the jobsite for clear access and visibility. When working on road, work facing traffic and stay alert, or station a lookout to watch oncoming traffic.  The workers should have an escape route or a plan of action in place for any emergencies.   Watch for backing vehicles because the driver often has a limited view.   Practice good communication and make sure all vehicles have backup alarms.   If you are flagging, acting as a lookout or traffic director you must remain alert,  do not drink, smoke, or have a conversation while performing these duties. Road work is a physical job requiring strength and endurance, worker must  stay fit so that their bodies can do the work.  Road work occurs in all types of weather and throughout the year.  They should wear appropriate clothing for the climate.   Light coloured layers and sunscreen protect them during the hot months while layers of moisture-wicking clothing protect you in the cold.   The road workers must get plenty of rest, eat right, and drink no-alcoholic drink s enough to stay healthy and alert on the job. From the Road Workers Perspective, there are few jobs more important than highway maintenance. It may go largely unappreciated by the end customer the motorist, but road workers are looking after some of the busiest roads in the world in the face of continued growth in Britains vehicle fleet, and the inevitable consequences of that growth for wear-and-tear on the network. And by helping to tackle congestion, road workers are directly supporting the British economy. And they do this despite working in some of the most difficult conditions that anyone has to tolerate. The risk of death or injury at work, faced daily by the workers who maintain Englands motorways and trunk roads, is highlighted by the results of a recent industry survey. Almost one in five workers suffers some injury caused by passing vehicles in the course of their careers while working on our road network. More than three-quarters suffer verbal abuse from drivers, and many have reported having objects thrown at them by motorists. Road Workers even change the light bulbs in the central reservation. Surveys have been previously contacted and road workers were asked if they had experienced near miss, verbal abuse, slight personal injury, major personal injury caused by road users vehicle and the responses were: 13% of road workers surveyed had sustained slight injuries; 3% had sustained major injuries; 77% had suffered verbal abuse from passing drivers 54% had a near miss with a vehicle 40% had experienced missiles deliberately thrown at them From these studies road workers felt most at risk during the morning and evening peak travel periods and in the early hours of the morning. There are believes that there is a vital need to educate drivers to start taking the problem of speeding and the outcomes of speeding more seriously. The habitual speeders know that other people dont necessarily disapprove of their actions in the same way as they disapprove of drink-driving syndrome. It took a long time to change attitudes to drink-driving, but by communicating the message at every opportunity, with intelligent advertising and marketing, the Government can and has eventually succeeded in most countries, likewise today, drink-driving is socially unacceptable in the community. Therefore a similar change is required with speeding and peoples attitude to road works. In UK, Highway Traffic Management Agency was launched in 2005 and since it was launched issues that dominated are the road maintenance safeties. Its goal is to have zero road injuries and zero fatalities by getting a reasonable balance between the needs of the road user and the safety of road workers using a risk based approach as a short term. The long-term aim was to plan future improvements that make the working environment safer, including: design for maintenance/operation, which has the added benefits of whole-life cost savings, less interventions and less congestion; reduce road workers exposure to live traffic and lessen the risks to road workers when on the network; highlight the importance of road workers and their safety to the public by raising awareness and the industry consistently maintaining the highest standards. Finally it was to improve road user awareness and responses by improving driver education. At a general level, the government has taken the Road Safety Bill through Parliament, including new drink-driving legislation, driver training schemes, and a revised penalty system and is looking at improvements to the speed camera network and working with the police to fight back against anti-social use of roads. The Highways Agency Road Worker Safety Action Plan was unveiled at the conference held in 2006, with some of potential solutions listed in the including a review of procedures to reduce the exposure of road workers to live traffic and cut the risks of working on the highway. A review of maintenance priorities so workers dont have to be on the network so often more targeted speed limits at road works which can be altered to match safety requirements. Improving of the accuracy and content of variable message signs to give road users more warning of works and the presence of road workers also improving the training of workers on high-speed roads, the promotion of better driver awareness and improved driver education, also finally the development of an incident and near-miss reporting centre. The Importance of Traffic Management When considering the traffic management plan for any major scheme the safety and security of both the travelling public and the workforce is the primary aim. By the very nature of road works operations, the element of risk is introduced when managing traffic on high speed roads. The first essential element is to reduce the risk by reducing the speed. This can be achieved to a certain extent through the use of traffic management measures but experience has proven that the only reliable way of achieving consistently reduced speeds is through the use of safety cameras. The introduction of a temporary speed limit and safety cameras is done in conjunction with the respective Safety Camera Partnership, who follow a risk assessment process which considers the level of exposure to risk of the public and the workforce. This is the reason that a variety of different traffic management measures can often be found at road works sites. However, the biggest single risk to road workers occurs not i n major schemes but during routine maintenance operations and emergency lane closures. During these operations it is often only a line of cones that separates the workforce from high speed traffic. During these operations there is a clear need for motorists to act responsibly and respect the rights of road workers. Planning Road works Traditionally, if there is one thing that causes motorists more frustration than any other, it is the overnight appearance of a forest of cones with little or no warning or information as to the reason. Hopefully, this aspect is largely becoming a thing of the past as a significant amount of planning is now undertaken prior to any major road works scheme. Such projects are now often planned several years ahead taking cognisance of issues such as the optimum time and the likelihood of reliable weather where this is a requirement. The substantial rise in traffic volumes over the past decade has significantly impacted on road works planning, through not just the increased maintenance requirements brought about by the additional volume, but through the challenges to keep congestion at a minimum as any reduction in available road space can have significant consequences for journey times. While safety and security are the primary drivers when planning road works, contractors also incorpora te extensive consultation with affected local communities and a targeted media campaign designed to advise drivers who use the affected route of the proposed works and levels of disruption. This forward planning and awareness through the media allows for drivers to plan their journey accordingly. Engineering technology on road worker`s risk. This can be achieved both through measures at the construction stage and through the use of new and improved technology for maintenance operations. New construction processes and standards mean a much longer design life can be achieved at the outset, significantly reducing the amount of routine maintenance operations required. In addition, where a maintenance requirement is identified during construction, the facility to achieve this without significantly impacting on traffic flow is considered carefully and where appropriate, additional engineering measures are introduced. In respect to maintenance operations on existing structures and highways the Highway Traffic Management Agency has been actively involved in developing technology in association with the Highways Agency, and over the past few years a number of innovative solutions which have had a positive impact on safety have been introduced. New techniques to improve safety and reduce congestion at road works on high-speed road s, for example, are now undergoing trials. Automated cone laying machines, fixed to the rear of a traffic management vehicles, can place and collect standard road cones without the need for road workers to stand in a live carriageway next to fast moving traffic. The machines accurately positions cones on the road surface at 15mph laying up to 40 cones per minute and reducing the time taken to establish and remove temporary traffic management. Road users will benefit from the shorter period of time taken to change from normal carriageway to a coned-off area. Using the new machines, traffic cones will be laid and taken up more quickly, removing manual handling and enabling more routine maintenance work to be undertaken during each closure so reducing the frequency of road works and congestion. A new barrier transfer machine, which can lift 12 tons of concrete safety barriers for motorway road works into place at a speed of 7 mph, is also now in operation, offering a higher level of b arrier protection to motorway road workers. The mechanical broom which are now mostly used have improved the road worker`s safety and compared to manual sweeping. In June 2006, a new revised Chapter 8 of the Traffic Signs Manual was launched that gives guidance on best practice for temporary signing and management of traffic on the highway. Also it was designed to make traffic management for road works safer and less stressful for both workers and drivers. It talks about new measures like flashing cones on the approach to works; mobile carriageway closures; and improved incident management. It also encourages more effective use of speed limits at road works. Drivers should expect consistent limits to be set depending on the work being carried out, without confusing variations. That should be combined with speed detection equipment and other methods of persuading people to reduce speed. RECOMMENDATIONS Changing the behaviour of risk-taking drivers tends to require hard interventions, which require the involvement of police or other law enforcement organisations. For complying drivers, soft interventions such as the Respect campaign can be used; other interventions that could be applied to the issue of road worker safety and driver behaviour can include: Training road workers By training road workers through the use of seminars and workshops can make them aware of their risks and conscientious those involved on how best they can be aware of the job related risks. Improving driver skills There is a need for further training of professional drivers and specific training of all drivers to raise their awareness of the issues of driving through road works. Better self knowledge The public are an important partner in improving safety through road works. There is a need for greater awareness of personal skill levels and abilities to encourage better self pacing and improved behaviour when driving. This can be achieved through a high profile advertising campaign to raise the public profile of road worker safety. Such an approach aims to demonstrate the risk to drivers and road workers from speeding through road works. Improving the task It is important to ensure that the driving task when approaching and driving through road works is made as simple as possible to prevent overloading drivers with information. All those involved in applying the principles contained in the Traffic Signs Manual: Chapter 8 need to review their road works layouts in order to make the driving task as easy possible for an uninformed driver CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the behaviour of drivers towards road workers indicates that there is little respect for road works and road workers. At best the works and workers are tolerated, at worst the works are ignored and workers are abused either verbally or physically. Changing the attitude of drivers to road works is essential to improve the safety of both road workers and the drivers passing through road work sites. The behaviour of road drivers is directly or indirectly the cause of most road accidents, including those at road works. Influencing driver`s behaviour to prevent accidents at road works will improve road worker safety as well as that of the road user.

Friends Essay -- essays papers

Friends Friends are a necessity in every child’s life. They are there to comfort, to laugh with, and to create wonderful memories. All of a sudden a child grows up and gets thrown into college. His or her friends go to other colleges, and they both realize that they aren’t going to have those close friendships anymore. It has happened many times before, and it will happen many times again. What one needs to know is that college isn’t a place to mope around; it is a place to rejoice and meet new people. College is a place where one develops skills in meeting new people and creating new friendships. This skill is not just learned and then lost. It is a skill that can be used anywhere and any time thought life. The hardest part is to get the ball rolling and start meeting new people. College is not a difficult place to meet people. They are everywhere; in dorms, in classrooms, and simply walking around outside. Although this is a perfect atmosphere for meeting people, some may still have difficulty. The greatest challenge about meeting people is not only the hoping that...